Lycoris (plant)

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Not đồ sộ be confused with Liquorice (or licorice), a plant from which a sweet flavour can be extracted, also used in traditional medicine.

Lycoris

Lycoris radiata a species with long stamens
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Monocots
Order:	Asparagales
Family:	Amaryllidaceae
Subfamily:	Amaryllidoideae
Tribe:	Lycorideae
Genus:	Lycoris Herb.^[1]
Synonyms^[2]
Pleurastis Raf. Orexis Salisb.

Lycoris is a genus of 13–20 species of flowering plants in the family Amaryllidaceae, subfamily Amaryllidoideae.^[3] They are native đồ sộ eastern and southern Asia in Trung Quốc, nhật bản, southern Korea, northern Vietnam, northern Laos, northern Thailand, northern Burma, Nepal, northern Pakistan, Afghanistan, and eastern Iran. They were imported into North Carolina and now grow wild. In English they are also called hurricane lilies or cluster amaryllis. The genus shares the English name spider lily with two other related genera.^[4]^[5]^[6]

Description[edit]

They are bulb-producing perennial plants. The leaves are long and slender, 30–60 cm long and only 0.5–2 cm broad. The scape is erect, 30–70 cm tall, bearing a terminal umbel of four đồ sộ eight flowers, which can be white, yellow, orange, or red. The flowers divide into two types, those with very long, filamentous stamens two or three times as long as the tepals (subgenus Lycoris; e.g. Lycoris radiata), and those with shorter stamens not much longer than thở the tepals (subgenus Symmanthus Traub & Moldenke; e.g. Lycoris sanguinea). The fruit is a three-valved capsule containing several Đen seeds. Many of the species are sterile, reproducing only vegetatively, and are probably of hybrid origin; several additional known hybrids occur.^[4]^[5]^[7]

Selected species[edit]

As of April 2015, the World Checklist of Selected Plant Families recognizes 22 species and one hybrid:^[2]

Lycoris albiflora Koidz. (treated as the hybrid L. × albiflora by some sources) – white spider lily - Jiangsu, Korea, Kyushu
Lycoris anhuiensis Y.Xu & G.J.Fan - Anhui, Jiangsu
Lycoris argentea Worsley - Myanmar
Lycoris aurea (L'Hér.) Herb. (syn. Nerine aurea) – golden spider lily - Trung Quốc, nhật bản incl Ryukyu Is, Indochina, Taiwan
Lycoris caldwellii Traub – magic lily - Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Zhejiang
Lycoris chinensis Traub – yellow surprise lily - Henan, Jiangsu, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang, Korea
Lycoris flavescens M.Kim & S.Lee - Korea
Lycoris guangxiensis Y.Xu & G.J.Fan - Guangxi
Lycoris haywardii Traub - Japan
Lycoris houdyshelii Traub - Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Matsu Islands, Japan
Lycoris incarnata Comes ex Sprenger – peppermint surprise lily - Hubei, Yunnan
Lycoris josephinae Traub - Sichuan
Lycoris koreana Nakai - Korea, †Japan
Lycoris longituba Y.C.Hsu & G.J.Fan – long tube surprise lily - Jiangsu
Lycoris radiata (L'Hér.) Herb. – spider lily, red spider lily - Trung Quốc, Korea, nhật bản, Matsu Islands, Nepal; naturalized in Seychelles and in scattered places in United States
Lycoris rosea Traub & Moldenke - Jiangsu, Zhejiang
Lycoris sanguinea Maxim. – orange spider lily - Japan
Lycoris shaanxiensis Y.Xu & Z.B.Hu - Sichuan, Shaanxi
Lycoris sprengeri Comes ex Baker – tie dye surprise lily - Anhui, Hubei, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Matsu Islands
Lycoris squamigera Maxim. – naked lady, surprise lily, magic lily, resurrection lily - Jiangsu, Shandong, Zhejiang, nhật bản, Korea; naturalized in Ohio, Tennessee
Lycoris straminea Lindl. - Jiangsu, Zhejiang
Lycoris uydoensis M.Kim - Korea

formerly included^[2]

A few names have been coined using the name Lycoris but referring đồ sộ species now considered better suited đồ sộ other genera (Griffinia and Ungernia). Here are links đồ sộ help you find appropriate information.

Lycoris hyacinthina - Griffinia hyacinthina
Lycoris radiata - Ungernia trisphaera
Lycoris severzowii - Ungernia severzowii

Hybrids^[2]

Lycoris × chejuensis chejuensis K.H.Tae & S.C.Ko - Korea

Cultivation and uses[edit]

Lycoris are extensively cultivated as ornamental plants in Trung Quốc and nhật bản, and also in other warm temperate regions of the world. In nhật bản, they are widely used at the edges of rice paddy fields đồ sộ provide a strip of bright flowers in the summer, and over 230 cultivars have been selected for garden use. They are locally naturalised in the southeastern United States, where they are often called hurricane flowers, due đồ sộ their blooming period coinciding with the peak of hurricane season.^[8] In Trung Quốc, people often use them as decorations in festivals or celebrations.

[edit]

Since these scarlet flowers usually bloom near cemeteries around the autumnal equinox, they are described in Chinese and Japanese translations of the Lotus Sutra as ominous flowers that grow in Diyu (also known as Hell), or Huángquán (simplified Chinese: 黄泉; traditional Chinese: 黃泉), and guide the dead into the next reincarnation.

When the flowers of Lycoris bloom, their leaves would have fallen; when their leaves grow, the flowers would have wilted. This habit gave rise đồ sộ various legends. A famous one is the legend of two elves: Mañju (Chinese: 曼珠), who guarded the flower, and Saka (simplified Chinese: 沙华; traditional Chinese: 沙華), who guarded the leaves. Out of curiosity, they defied their fate of guarding the herb alone and managed đồ sộ meet each other. At first sight, they fell in love with each other. God, exasperated by their waywardness, separated the miserable couple, and laid a curse on them as a punishment: the flowers of Mañju shall never meet the leaves of Saka again.

It was said that when the couple met after death in Diyu, they vowed đồ sộ meet each other after reincarnation. However, neither of them could keep their word.

In commemoration of the couple, some Call the herbs "Mañjusaka" (simplified Chinese: 曼珠沙华; traditional Chinese: 曼珠沙華), a mixture of "Mañju" and "Saka", instead of their scientific name. The same name is used in Japanese, in which it is pronounced manju-shage.

Some other legends have it that when a person sees someone that they may never meet again, these flowers, also called red spider lilies, would bloom along the path. Perhaps because of these sorrowful legends, Japanese people often used these flowers in funerals. Popular name Higanbana (彼岸花, Higan bana) of Japanese for lycoris is literally higan (the other or that shore of Sanzu River) flower means, decorate and enjoyable, flower of afterlife in gokuraku jyōdo (極楽浄土, gokuraku jyōdo).

Gallery[edit]

Lycoris aurea, a species with long stamens
Xem thêm: cách tắt quyền kiểm soát của cha mẹ
Lycoris aurea (yellow) and Lycoris radiata (red) in Chiba Japan
Lycoris radiata is an important cultural icon in Japan
Lycoris squamigera, a species with short stamens
Lycoris radiata, Red spider lily