Michelia

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Michelia is a historical genus of flowering plants belonging to tướng the family Magnoliaceae. The genus included about 50 species of evergreen trees and shrubs, native to tướng tropical and subtropical south and southeast Asia (Indomalaya), including southern Đài Loan Trung Quốc. Today it is regarded as a synonym of Magnolia.^[1]

Description[edit]

The Magnoliaceae are an ancient family; fossil plants identifiably belonging to tướng the Magnoliaceae date back 95 million years. A primitive aspect of the Magnolia family is that their large, cup-shaped flowers lack distinct petals or sepals. The large non-specialized flower parts, resembling petals, are called tepals.

The leaves, flowers, and khuông of Michelia resemble Magnolia, but the blossoms of Michelia generally khuông clusters among the leaves, rather than thở singly at the branch ends as Magnolia does.

Uses[edit]

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Several of the larger species are locally important sources of timber. Some species, including the champak (Michelia champaca) and Michelia doltsopa are grown for their flowers, both on the tree and as cut flowers. Champak flowers are also used to tướng produce an essential oil for perfume. A few species have been introduced to tướng gardens or as street trees outside of the Indomalaya region, including Michelia figo, M. doltsopa, and M. champaca. The genus is named after the Florentine botanist Pietro Antonio Micheli (1679–1737). They grow to tướng the height of 10–45 metres

Recent changes in classification[edit]

Morphological data^[2] and molecular data^[3]^[4] recently showed that the genus Michelia is very closely related to tướng subgenus Yulania of genus Magnolia. Many botanists now treat the genus Michelia accordingly. New combinations of names have been provided for. For further information see under genus Magnolia.

Some former Michelia species[edit]

Some species formerly placed in Michelia include the following. Synonyms are from Plants of the World Online, as of March 2022.^[5]

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Michelia aenea Dandy, synonym of Magnolia foveolata Merr. ex Dandy
Michelia × alba DC., synonym of Magnolia × alba. White champaca or white sandalwood, considered to tướng be a hybrid between Magnolia champaca and Magnolia montana.
Michelia calcicola C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu, synonym of Magnolia fulva var. calcicola

Flower and leaves of *Magnolia champaca*

Michelia champaca L., synonym of Magnolia champaca. Champak. Native to tướng India, Java, and the Philippines. A tree or shrub which grows from 3 to tướng 6 meters high and wide. Glossy bright green leaves to tướng 16 cm. Produces fragrant orange, yellow, or creamy white flowers in the spring. The flowers of this plant produce an essential oil that is used in perfume.
Michelia compressa (Maxim.) Sarg., synonym of Magnolia compressa
Michelia coriacea Hung T.Chang & B.L.Chen, synonym of Magnolia coriacea
Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC., synonym of Magnolia doltsopa. Large shrubs and trees, growing to tướng 30 meters. Native to tướng the eastern Himalayas and Meghalaya subtropical forests. Varies in khuông from bushy to tướng narrow and upright. Leathery dark-green leaves, 6 to tướng 17 cm in length. Clusters of creamy white flowers in winter. Growing in popularity as a street tree in coastal California.
Michelia figo (Lour.) Spreng., synonym of Magnolia figo (basionym: Liriodendron figo Lour.) Banana shrub. A slow growing shrub or small tree that can grow up to tướng 5 meters high and nearly as wide. Densely covered with small glossy green leaves. Bears clusters of large, white, sometimes purple-streaked, flowers with a potent, sweet banana scent. 'Port Wine' is a cultivar that bears rose to tướng maroon flowers.
Michelia fulgens Dandy, synonym of Magnolia foveolata
Michelia fuscata (Andrews) Blume ex Wall., synonym Magnolia figo var. figo
Michelia hedyosperma Y.-W. Law, synonym of Magnolia hypolampra
Michelia hypolampra Dandy, synonym of Magnolia hypolampra
Michelia ingrata Chen & Yang, synonym of Magnolia fulva var. fulva
Michelia laevifolia Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu, synonym of Magnolia laevifolia
Michelia longistyla Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu, synonym of Magnolia foveolata
Michelia montana Blume, synonym of Magnolia montana.
Michelia nilagirica Zenker, synonym of Magnolia nilagirica. Native to tướng southern India.
Michelia odora (W.Y. Chun) Noot. & Chen, synonym of Magnolia odora
Michelia punduana Hook.f. & Thomson, synonym of Magnolia punduana. Native to tướng Meghalaya subtropical forests.
Michelia wilsonii Finet & Gagnep., synonym of Magnolia ernestii
Michelia skinneriana Dunn, synonym of Magnolia figo var. skinneriana
Michelia xanthantha C.Y. Wu ex Y.-W. Law & Y.-F. Wu, synonym of Magnolia xanthantha
Michelia yunnanensis Franch. ex Finet & Gapnep., synonym of Magnolia laevifolia

References[edit]

^ Richard B. Figlar. "A Brief Taxonomic History of Magnolia".
^ Figlar, R. B. (2000). "Proleptic branch initiation in Michelia and Magnolia subgenus Yulania provides basis for combinations in subfamily Magnolioideae". In Liu Yu-hu; et al. (eds.). Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Family Magnoliaceae. Beijing: Science Press. pp. 14–25.
^ Azuma, Hiroshi; Thien, Leonard B; Kawano, Shoichi (September 1999). "Molecular Phylogeny of Magnolia (Magnoliaceae) Inferred from cpDNA Sequences and Evolutionary Divergence of the Floral Scents". Journal of Plant Research. 112 (3): 291–306. doi:10.1007/PL00013885. S2CID 206862607.
^ Kim, S; Park, CW; Kim, YD; Suh, Y (April 2001). "Phylogenetic relationships in family Magnoliaceae inferred from ndhF sequences". American Journal of Botany. 88 (4): 717–28. doi:10.2307/2657073. JSTOR 2657073. PMID 11302859.
^ "Welcome to tướng Plants of the World Online". Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Archived from the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved 2022-03-25.